===========
pytest-mock
===========
This plugin installs a ``mocker`` fixture which is a thin-wrapper around the patching API
provided by the excellent `mock <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/mock>`_ package,
but with the benefit of not having to worry about undoing patches at the end
of a test:
.. code-block:: python
def test_unix_fs(mocker):
mocker.patch('os.remove')
UnixFS.rm('file')
os.remove.assert_called_once_with('file')
.. Using PNG badges because PyPI doesn't support SVG
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:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytest-mock/
:alt: Supported Python versions
Usage
=====
The ``mocker`` fixture has the same API as
`mock.patch <http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/patch.html#patch-decorators>`_,
supporting the same arguments:
.. code-block:: python
def test_foo(mocker):
# all valid calls
mocker.patch('os.remove')
mocker.patch.object(os, 'listdir', autospec=True)
mocked_isfile = mocker.patch('os.path.isfile')
The supported methods are:
* ``mocker.patch``: see http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/patch.html#patch.
* ``mocker.patch.object``: see http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/patch.html#patch-object.
* ``mocker.patch.multiple``: see http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/patch.html#patch-multiple.
* ``mocker.patch.dict``: see http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/patch.html#patch-dict.
* ``mocker.stopall()``: stops all active patches at this point.
Note that, although mocker's API is intentionally the same as ``mock.patch``'s, its uses as context managers and function decorators are **not** supported. The purpose of this plugin is to make the use of context managers and function decorators for mocking unnecessary. Indeed, trying to use the functionality in ``mocker`` in this manner can lead to non-intuitive errors:
.. code-block:: python
def test_context_manager(mocker):
a = A()
with mocker.patch.object(a, 'doIt', return_value=True, autospec=True):
assert a.doIt() == True
.. code-block:: console
================================== FAILURES ===================================
____________________________ test_context_manager _____________________________
in test_context_manager
with mocker.patch.object(a, 'doIt', return_value=True, autospec=True):
E AttributeError: __exit__
You can also access ``Mock`` and ``MagicMock`` directly using from ``mocker``
fixture:
.. code-block:: python
def test_feature(mocker):
ret = [mocker.Mock(return_value=True), mocker.Mock(return_value=True)]
mocker.patch('mylib.func', side_effect=ret)
*New in version 0.5*
Spy
---
*New in version 0.6*
The spy acts exactly like the original method in all cases, except it allows use of `mock`
features with it, like retrieving call count.
From version 0.7 onward it also works for class and static methods. Originally it was only safe to
use with instance methods.
.. code-block:: python
def test_spy(mocker):
class Foo(object):
def bar(self):
return 42
foo = Foo()
mocker.spy(foo, 'bar')
assert foo.bar() == 42
assert foo.bar.call_count == 1
Stub
----
*New in version 0.6*
The stub is a mock object that accepts any arguments and is useful to test callbacks, for instance.
.. code-block:: python
def test_stub(mocker):
def foo(on_something):
on_something('foo', 'bar')
stub = mocker.stub()
foo(stub)
stub.assert_called_once_with('foo', 'bar')
Note
----
Prior to version ``0.4.0``, the ``mocker`` fixture was named ``mock``.
This was changed because naming the fixture ``mock`` conflicts with the
actual ``mock`` module, which made using it awkward when access to both the
module and the plugin were required within a test.
The old fixture ``mock`` still works, but its use is discouraged and will be
removed in version ``1.0``.
Requirements
============
* Python 2.6+, Python 3.2+
* pytest
* mock (for Python < 3.3)
Install
=======
Install using `pip <http://pip-installer.org/>`_:
.. code-block:: console
$ pip install pytest-mock
Changelog
=========
Please consult `releases <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-mock/releases>`_.
Why bother with a plugin?
=========================
There are a number of different ``patch`` usages in the standard ``mock`` API,
but IMHO they don't scale very well when you have more than one or two
patches to apply.
It may lead to an excessive nesting of ``with`` statements, breaking the flow
of the test:
.. code-block:: python
import mock
def test_unix_fs():
with mock.patch('os.remove'):
UnixFS.rm('file')
os.remove.assert_called_once_with('file')
with mock.patch('os.listdir'):
assert UnixFS.ls('dir') == expected
# ...
with mock.patch('shutil.copy'):
UnixFS.cp('src', 'dst')
# ...
One can use ``patch`` as a decorator to improve the flow of the test:
.. code-block:: python
@mock.patch('os.remove')
@mock.patch('os.listdir')
@mock.patch('shutil.copy')
def test_unix_fs(mocked_copy, mocked_listdir, mocked_remove):
UnixFS.rm('file')
os.remove.assert_called_once_with('file')
assert UnixFS.ls('dir') == expected
# ...
UnixFS.cp('src', 'dst')
# ...
But this poses a few disadvantages:
- test functions must receive the mock objects as parameter, even if you don't plan to
access them directly; also, order depends on the order of the decorated ``patch``
functions;
- receiving the mocks as parameters doesn't mix nicely with pytest's approach of
naming fixtures as parameters, or ``pytest.mark.parametrize``;
- you can't easily undo the mocking during the test execution;
