280 lines
8.2 KiB
HTML
280 lines
8.2 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="fr">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Formation Evolix : Linux et distributions</title>
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<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
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<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/theme/beige.css" id="theme">
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<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../lib/css/zenburn.css">
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<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
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<script>
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var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
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link.rel = 'stylesheet';
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link.type = 'text/css';
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link.href = window.location.search.match( ../print-pdf/gi ) ? '../css/print/pdf.css' : '../css/print/paper.css';
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</script>
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<!--[if lt IE 9]>
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<script src="../lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
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<![endif]-->
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="reveal">
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<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
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<div class="slides">
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<section>
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<h1>Formation Evolix</h1>
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<h3>Linux et distributions</h3>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Historique</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>1991 : Lancement du projet Linux par Linus Torvalds, coordination par Internet</li>
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<li>1993 : Fiabilité de Linux déjà à la hauteur des Unix commerciaux</li>
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<li>1994 : Reconnaissance de Linux par les membres du projet GNU et entraide</li>
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</ul>
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<img src="" border="0">
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</section>
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<section>
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<pre>
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Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
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Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT
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Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?
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Summary: small poll for my new operating system
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Hello everybody out there using minix -
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I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and
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professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing
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since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on
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things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat
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(same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)
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among other things).
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I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work.
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This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and
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I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions
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are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)
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Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
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PS. Yes - it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs.
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It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never
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will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have :-(.
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</pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Versions</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>mars 1994 : version 1.0</li>
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<li>juillet 1996 : version 2.0</li>
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<li>janvier 1999 : version 2.2</li>
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<li>janvier 2001 : version 2.4</li>
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<li>décembre 2003 : version 2.6</li>
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<li>juillet 2011 : version 3.0</li>
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<li>avril 2015 : version 4.0</li>
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<li>aujourd'hui : 4.11</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Linux, juste un noyau</h2>
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interface de programmation pour utiliser le matériel (clavier, écran, disque)
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multi-taches et multi-utilisateurs
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gestion du CPU, pile réseau, filesystems
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monolitique + modulaire VS micro-noyau (Mach, Hurd)
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>TP</h2>
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wget https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/t/linux-4.12-rc5.tar.gz
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tar xvf linux-4.12-rc5.tar.gz
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cd linux-4.12-rc5
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apt install libqt4-dev
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make xconfig
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Un noyau de système d'exploitation</h2>
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ce ne sont pas des commandes
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ce ne sont pas des fichiers
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ça ne s'utilise pas tout seul
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il faut ajouter des logiciels (outils, services, etc.)
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ne fait pas partie de Linux : cron, passwd, login, tar, mount, libc, coreutils
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>GNU/Linux</h2>
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<p>Outils GNU :</p>
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<ul>
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<li>GCC : compilateur</li>
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<li>glibc : librairie C (printf,malloc,open,etc.)</li>
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<li>Bash : shell</li>
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<li>GRUB : boot loader</li>
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<li>coreutils : ls, cat, chmod, du, su, etc.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Autres outils : OpenSSH, sudo, Vim, systemd</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2></h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Distributions GNU/Linux</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Red Hat</li>
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<li>CentOS</li>
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<li>Debian</li>
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<li>Ubuntu</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Organisation des fichiers</h2>
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Norme FHS
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Red Hat</h2>
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- Entreprise fondée en 1993 :
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- Siège social à Raleigh (USA)
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- Cotée en bourse, CA de 2500 M$
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- bureaux à travers le monde
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- 10000 employés
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- Quatre centres de support dans le monde :
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Amerique, Europe, Asie, Pacifique
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- Un des plus gros contributeurs à la communauté du Libre
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Red Hat</h2>
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- Équipe :
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parmi les développeurs,
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développeurs du noyau Linux
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mainteneurs de GCC
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développeurs d'Apache
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- Les versions :
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Redhat version 9, plus supportée
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Red Hat Entreprise/Advanced Server, obsolète
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Redhat Desktop
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Redhat Entreprise Linux 7 (RHEL)
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- Dérivés : Fedora et CentOS
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- Ansible, OpenStack, JBOSS, etc.
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Red Hat</h2>
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Système de packages RPM :
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installation facile et rapide (pas de compilation)
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gestion des dépendances
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notoriété et abondance de dépôts RPM
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bénéficie d'améliorations constantes
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Voir www.rpm.org
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>CentOS</h2>
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Community enterprise Operating System
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utilisation uniquement des sources de RH
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donc binary compatible avec RH
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CentOS 7
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Debian</h2>
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Spécificités :
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- Lancement par Ian Murdock en août 1993
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- Basé sur un contrat social
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- DFSG - Debian Free Software Guidelines
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- Plusieurs milliers de développeurs Debian
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ldapsearch -x -h db.debian.org -b dc=debian,dc=org | grep ^uid: | wc -l
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2080
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- Des dizaines de milliers de paquets “sources”
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grep-dctrl -P '' -c /var/lib/apt/lists/*jessie*Sources
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21019
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- Debian 7 : sortie en 2013, support jusqu'en 2016 (support LTS jusqu'en 2018)
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- Debian 8 : sortie en 2015, support jusqu'en 2018 (support LTS jusqu'en 2020)
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- Debian 9 : sortie en 2017, support jusqu'en 2020 (support LTS jusqu'en 2022)
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Ubuntu</h2>
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Créé par Mark Shuttleworth, ancien-développeur Debian,
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multi-millionnaire après avoir revendu l'entreprise Thawte
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Développé par l'entreprise Canonical crée en 2004
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Basée sur Debian
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Versions LTS publiées tous les 2 ans (support 5 ans)
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Versions publiées tous les 6 mois avec support limité
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- version 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus59) publiée en avril 2016
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- version 17.04 (Zesty Zapus) publiée en avril 2017
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2></h2>
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<ul>
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<li></li>
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<li></li>
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</ul>
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<p></p>
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<img src="" border="0">
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</section>
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</div>
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</div>
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<script src="../lib/js/head.min.js"></script>
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<script src="../js/reveal.js"></script>
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<script>
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// More info https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
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Reveal.initialize({
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controls: true,
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progress: true,
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history: true,
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center: true,
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transition: 'slide', // none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom
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// More info https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#dependencies
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dependencies: [
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{ src: '../lib/js/classList.js', condition: function() { return !document.body.classList; } },
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{ src: '../plugin/markdown/marked.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
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{ src: '../plugin/markdown/markdown.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
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{ src: '../plugin/highlight/highlight.js', async: true, callback: function() { hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad(); } },
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{ src: '../plugin/zoom-js/zoom.js', async: true },
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{ src: '../plugin/notes/notes.js', async: true }
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]
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});
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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