ajout de contenu, à mettre en forme
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Gregory Colpart
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<h3>PostgreSQL</h3>
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</section>
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoPostgreSQL
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoPostgreSQLReplication
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoPostgreSQLStreamingReplication
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PostgreSQL est une base de données qui met l'accent sur le respect du standard SQL et la sécurité des données.
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Il se base notamment sur des journaux de transaction (WAL), fichiers binaires qui contient toutes les données
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avant écriture sur les disques.
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# apt install postgresql
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# vim sources.list
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deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ jessie-pgdg main
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Instances :
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# pg_ctlcluster <version> <cluster> start|stop|restart|reload|status|promote
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# pg_lsclusters
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Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
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9.4 main 5432 online postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.4-main.log
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# dpkg-reconfigure locales
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$ /usr/bin/pg_createcluster <version> <cluster>
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attention à la locales
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* configuration : `/etc/postgresql/<version>/<instance>/`
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* journaux : `/var/log/postgresql/postgresql-<version>-<instance>.log`
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* stockage : `/var/lib/postgresql/<version>/<instance>/`
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* binaires et bibliothèques : `/usr/lib/postgresql/<version>/<instance>/`
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* etc…
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# sudo -u postgres psql
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pg_hba.conf :
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~~~{.diff}
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- local all all peer
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+ local all all password
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~~~
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$ createuser -P <login>
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$ createdb -O <login> <base>
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$ dropdb <base>
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$ psql -c "ALTER USER <login> WITH PASSWORD 'foo'"
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$ dropuser <login>
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=# SELECT * FROM pg_user;
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=# \du
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$ psql -l
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= # \d
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= # SELECT * FROM pg_database;
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SELECT pid, datname, usename, client_addr, query_start, waiting, query FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE state='active' ORDER by query_start;
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# aptitude install ptop pgbadger pgadmin3
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$ pg_top
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Faire un VACUUM FULL sur toutes les bases de données :
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~~~
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$ vacuumdb -a -f -v
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~~~
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ANALYSE sur toutes les tables d'une base de données :
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~~~
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$ psql mydb
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=# ANALYZE;
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~~~
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Optimisation
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shared_buffers : quantité de mémoire dédiée à PostgreSQL
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work_mem : quantité de mémoire par process
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max_connections
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sauvegarde
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$ pg_dump <base> >dump.sql
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$ pg_dumpall >dump.sql
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$ psql <base> < dump.sql
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Archivage de WAL :
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wal_level = 'archive'
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archive_command = 'rsync %p backup.example.net:/backup/…/archives/%f'
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+ barman
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Usage
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=> CREATE TABLE weather (
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city varchar(80),
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temp_lo int, -- low temperature
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temp_hi int, -- high temperature
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prcp real, -- precipitation
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date date
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);
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=> INSERT INTO weather VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '1994-11-27');
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=> SELECT * FROM weather;
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=> SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date FROM weather;
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=> SELECT * FROM weatherWHERE city = 'San Francisco' AND prcp > 0.0;
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=> SELECT DISTINCT city FROM weather ORDER BY city;
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=> SELECT * FROM weather, cities WHERE city = name;
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=> SELECT weather.city, weather.temp_lo, cities.location FROM weather, cities WHERE cities.name = weather.city;
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=> SELECT * FROM weather INNER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
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=> SELECT * FROM weather LEFT OUTER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
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=> SELECT * FROM weather w, cities c WHERE w.city = c.name;
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pooler de connexions :
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* pgpool
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* pgbouncer
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_Streaming Replication_
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master / slave
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Slony : réplication des données par trigger
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ne réplique pas le schéma : toutes les bases à créer
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* Avoir une clé primaire sur chaque table à répliquer (peut être contourné dans certaines conditions, mais fortement déconseillé par les dév. de Slony)
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* Ne pas utiliser la commande SQL "TRUNCATE" (avant PG 8.4)
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SELECT * from pg_stat_replication;
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# Initialise le cluster Slony
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slonik_init_cluster | slonik
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# Initialise le set de réplication (ensemble de tables à répliquer), notamment installation des triggers.
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slonik_create_set set1 | slonik
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# zcat /usr/share/doc/slony1-2-bin/examples/slon.conf-sample.gz >/etc/slony1/slon.conf
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# /etc/init.d/slony1 start
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$ slonik_subscribe_set set1 node2 | slonik
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Autres bases de données
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* MySQL / MariaDB : base de données très populaire au sein des infrastructures web
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoMySQL
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NoSQL :
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoSQLite
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoMemcached
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoRedis
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@ -61,8 +197,6 @@ https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoMongoDB
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https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoElasticsearch
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CouchDB, Cassandra, Riak, Neo4j
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</div>
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</div>
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