mise en forme PG (suite)
This commit is contained in:
parent
10b149c9fb
commit
af63303a48
|
|
@ -47,112 +47,144 @@
|
|||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<p>PostgreSQL est une base de données qui met l'accent sur le respect du standard SQL et la sécurité des données.
|
||||
Il se base notamment sur des journaux de transaction (WAL), fichiers binaires qui contient toutes les données
|
||||
avant écriture sur les disques.<p>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code># apt install postgresql</code>
|
||||
<code># vim sources.list</code>
|
||||
deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ jessie-pgdg main
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<h3>PostgreSQL</h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>le respect du standard SQL</li>
|
||||
<li>la sécurité des données</li>
|
||||
<li>journaux de transaction (WAL) avant persistence</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<h3>Installation</h3>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h3>Instances :</h3>
|
||||
<code># pg_ctlcluster < version > < cluster > start|stop|restart|reload|status|promote</code>
|
||||
<code># pg_lsclusters</code>
|
||||
<code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight"># vim sources.list</code>
|
||||
deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ jessie-pgdg main
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<pre><code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight"># apt install postgresql</code></pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<h3>Instances</h3>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">
|
||||
# pg_ctlcluster <version> <cluster> start|stop|restart|reload|status|promote</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight"># pg_lsclusters</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">
|
||||
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
|
||||
9.4 main 5432 online postgres /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-9.4-main.log
|
||||
</code>
|
||||
<code># dpkg-reconfigure locales</code>
|
||||
<code>$ /usr/bin/pg_createcluster < version > < cluster ></code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
<i>Attention à la locales</i>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><u>configuration :</u><br> <tt>`/etc/postgresql/< version >/< instance >/`</tt></li>
|
||||
<li><u>journaux :</u> <br> <tt>`/var/log/postgresql/postgresql-< version >-< instance >.log`</tt></li>
|
||||
<li><u>stockage :</u> <br> <tt>`/var/lib/postgresql/< version >/< instance >/`</tt></li>
|
||||
<li><u>binaires et bibliothèques :</u> <br> <tt>`/usr/lib/postgresql/< version >/< instance >/`</tt></li>
|
||||
<li>etc…</li>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4>Attention à la locale</h4>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">
|
||||
# dpkg-reconfigure locales
|
||||
$ /usr/bin/pg_createcluster <version> <cluster>
|
||||
</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<h3>Fichiers</h3>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<strong>configuration</strong> : /etc/postgresql/<version>/<instance>/
|
||||
|
||||
<strong>journaux</strong> : /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-<version>-<instance>.log
|
||||
|
||||
<strong>stockage</strong> : var/lib/postgresql/<version>/<instance>/
|
||||
|
||||
<strong>binaires et bibliothèques</strong> : /usr/lib/postgresql/<version>/<instance>/
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code># sudo -u postgres psql</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight"># sudo -u postgres psql</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<h3>Contenu de pg_hba.conf :</h3>
|
||||
~~~{.diff}
|
||||
- local all all peer
|
||||
+ local all all password
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
<code>$ createuser -P < login ></code>
|
||||
<code>$ createdb -O < login > < base ></code>
|
||||
<pre><code data-trim class="diff">
|
||||
- local all all peer
|
||||
+ local all all password
|
||||
</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">
|
||||
$ createuser -P <login>
|
||||
$ createdb -O <login> <base>
|
||||
</code>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code>$ dropdb < base ></code>
|
||||
<code>$ psql -c "ALTER USER < login > WITH PASSWORD 'foo'"</code>
|
||||
<code>$ dropuser < login ></code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">
|
||||
$ dropdb <base>
|
||||
$ psql -c "ALTER USER <login> WITH PASSWORD 'foo'"
|
||||
$ dropuser <login></code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="sql">
|
||||
=# SELECT * FROM pg_user;
|
||||
=# \du
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<code>$ psql -l</code>
|
||||
= # \d
|
||||
= # SELECT * FROM pg_database;
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ psql -l</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="sql">
|
||||
=# \d
|
||||
=# SELECT * FROM pg_database;
|
||||
</code>
|
||||
|
||||
<code>SELECT pid, datname, usename, client_addr, query_start, waiting, query FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE state='active' ORDER by query_start;</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="sql">
|
||||
SELECT pid, datname, usename, client_addr, query_start, waiting, query
|
||||
FROM pg_stat_activity
|
||||
WHERE state='active'
|
||||
ORDER by query_start;</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<h4>Outils complémentaires</h4>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code># aptitude install ptop pgbadger pgadmin3</code>
|
||||
<code>$ pg_top</code>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Faire un VACUUM FULL sur toutes les bases de données :</h3>
|
||||
<code>$ vacuumdb -a -f -v</code>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>ANALYSE sur toutes les tables d'une base de données :</h3>
|
||||
<code>$ psql mydb</code>
|
||||
=# ANALYZE;
|
||||
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight"># aptitude install ptop pgbadger pgadmin3</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ pg_top</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<h4>Faire un VACUUM FULL sur toutes les bases de données</h4>
|
||||
<pre><code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ vacuumdb -a -f -v</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<h4>ANALYSE sur toutes les tables d'une base de données</h4>
|
||||
<pre><code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ psql mydb</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="sql">=# ANALYZE;</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h3>Optimisation</h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>shared_buffers : quantité de mémoire dédiée à PostgreSQL</li>
|
||||
<li>work_mem : quantité de mémoire par process</li>
|
||||
<li>max_connections</li>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h3>Sauvegarde</h3>
|
||||
<code>$ pg_dump < base > >dump.sql</code>
|
||||
<code>$ pg_dumpall >dump.sql</code>
|
||||
<code>$ psql < base > < dump.sql</code>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ pg_dump <base> >dump.sql</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ pg_dumpall > dump.sql</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ psql <base> < dump.sql</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Archivage de WAL :</h3>
|
||||
wal_level = 'archive'
|
||||
<h4>Archivage de WAL :</h4>
|
||||
<pre>wal_level = 'archive'
|
||||
archive_command = 'rsync %p backup.example.net:/backup/…/archives/%f'
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<pre>+ barman</pre>
|
||||
<h4>barman</h4>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h3>Usage</h3>
|
||||
=> CREATE TABLE weather (
|
||||
<pre><code class="sql">
|
||||
CREATE TABLE weather (
|
||||
city varchar(80),
|
||||
temp_lo int, -- low temperature
|
||||
temp_hi int, -- high temperature
|
||||
|
|
@ -160,61 +192,73 @@ archive_command = 'rsync %p backup.example.net:/backup/…/archives/%f'
|
|||
date date
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
=> INSERT INTO weather VALUES ('San Francisco', 46, 50, 0.25, '1994-11-27');
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
INSERT INTO weather VALUES ('San Francisco', 46,50,0.25, '1994-11-27');
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
=> SELECT * FROM weather;
|
||||
=> SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date FROM weather;
|
||||
=> SELECT * FROM weatherWHERE city = 'San Francisco' AND prcp > 0.0;
|
||||
=> SELECT DISTINCT city FROM weather ORDER BY city;
|
||||
=> SELECT * FROM weather, cities WHERE city = name;
|
||||
=> SELECT weather.city, weather.temp_lo, cities.location FROM weather, cities WHERE cities.name = weather.city;
|
||||
=> SELECT * FROM weather INNER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
|
||||
=> SELECT * FROM weather LEFT OUTER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
|
||||
=> SELECT * FROM weather w, cities c WHERE w.city = c.name;
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="sql" style="max-height: 600px">
|
||||
SELECT * FROM weather;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT city, (temp_hi+temp_lo)/2 AS temp_avg, date FROM weather;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM weatherWHERE city = 'San Francisco' AND prcp > 0.0;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT DISTINCT city FROM weather ORDER BY city;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM weather, cities WHERE city = name;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT weather.city, weather.temp_lo, cities.location
|
||||
FROM weather, cities WHERE cities.name = weather.city;
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM weather
|
||||
INNER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM weather
|
||||
LEFT OUTER JOIN cities ON (weather.city = cities.name);
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM weather w, cities c WHERE w.city = c.name;
|
||||
</code></pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h4>Pooler de connexions :</h4>
|
||||
<h3>Pool de connexions :</h3>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>pgpool</li>
|
||||
<li>pgbouncer</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4>Streaming Replication</h4>
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<h3>Streaming Replication</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
master / slave
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h4>Slony : réplication des données par trigger</h4>
|
||||
<p>Ne réplique pas le schéma : toutes les bases à créer</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Avoir une clé primaire sur chaque table à répliquer <br>
|
||||
(peut être contourné dans certaines conditions, <br>
|
||||
mais fortement déconseillé par les dév. de Slony)</li>
|
||||
<li>Ne pas utiliser la commande SQL "TRUNCATE" (avant PG 8.4)</li>
|
||||
<code>SELECT * from pg_stat_replication;</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<li>Ne réplique pas le schéma : toutes les bases à créer</li>
|
||||
<li>Avoir une clé primaire sur chaque table à répliquer *</li>
|
||||
<li>Ne pas utiliser "TRUNCATE" (PG < 8.4)</li>
|
||||
<pre><code class="sql">SELECT * from pg_stat_replication;</code></pre>
|
||||
<small>* : peut être contourné mais fortement conseillé.</small>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>
|
||||
<h4>Initialise le cluster Slony</h4>
|
||||
<pre>slonik_init_cluster | slonik</pre>
|
||||
<h4>Initialise le set de réplication</h4>
|
||||
Ensemble de tables à répliquer, y compris les triggers.
|
||||
<pre>slonik_create_set set1 | slonik</pre>
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
<h4> Initialise le cluster Slony</h4>
|
||||
slonik_init_cluster | slonik
|
||||
|
||||
<h4> Initialise le set de réplication (ensemble de tables à répliquer), notamment installation des triggers.</h4>
|
||||
slonik_create_set set1 | slonik
|
||||
|
||||
<code># zcat /usr/share/doc/slony1-2-bin/examples/slon.conf-sample.gz >/etc/slony1/slon.conf</code>
|
||||
<code># /etc/init.d/slony1 start</code>
|
||||
<code>$ slonik_subscribe_set set1 node2 | slonik</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">
|
||||
# zcat /usr/share/doc/slony1-2-bin/examples/slon.conf-sample.gz \
|
||||
> /etc/slony1/slon.conf
|
||||
</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight"># /etc/init.d/slony1 start</code>
|
||||
<code data-trim class="hljs nohighlight">$ slonik_subscribe_set set1 node2 | slonik</code>
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue