relecture pour publication
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Gregory Colpart
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HowtoSmart.md
248
HowtoSmart.md
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@ -29,8 +29,27 @@ smartmontools build with: C++98, GCC 5.4.0 20160609
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man:smartd.conf(5)
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man:smartd.conf(5)
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~~~
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~~~
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## Utilisation basique
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## Utilisation
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Quelques exemples de commande de base :
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~~~
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# smartctl --scan
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Power_On_Hours
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Power_Cycle_Count
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda -d megaraid,0
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# smartctl -i /dev/sg0
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~~~
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## smartctl
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On peut s'assurer que toutes les fonctionnalités SMART sont activées sur un disque via :
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~~~
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# smartctl -s on -o on -S on /dev/sda
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~~~
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### Lister les disques
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### Lister les disques
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@ -60,7 +79,7 @@ Sur une machine avec du RAID hardware :
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/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,6 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_06], SCSI device
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/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,6 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_06], SCSI device
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~~~
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~~~
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### Voir les informations sur un disque
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### Voir les informations d'un disque
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L'option `-i` permet d'afficher les informations sur un disque :
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L'option `-i` permet d'afficher les informations sur un disque :
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@ -85,6 +104,33 @@ SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
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SMART support is: Enabled
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SMART support is: Enabled
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~~~
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~~~
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L'option `-l error` permet d'afficher les éventuelles erreurs d'un disque :
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~~~
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# smartctl -l error /dev/sda
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=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
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Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, max 64 entries)
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Num ErrCount SQId CmdId Status PELoc LBA NSID VS
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0 120 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
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1 119 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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2 118 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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3 117 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
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4 116 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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5 115 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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6 114 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
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7 113 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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8 112 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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9 111 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
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10 110 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
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11 109 0 0x0008 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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12 108 0 0x0008 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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13 107 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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14 106 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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15 105 0 0x0008 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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... (48 entries not shown)
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~~~
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L'option `-a` permet d'afficher toutes les informations SMART :
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L'option `-a` permet d'afficher toutes les informations SMART :
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~~~
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~~~
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@ -125,37 +171,91 @@ Id Fmt Data Metadt Rel_Perf
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=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
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=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
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SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
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SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
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SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02, NSID 0xffffffff)
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General SMART Values:
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Critical Warning: 0x00
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Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
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Temperature: 32 Celsius
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was never started.
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Available Spare: 100%
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Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
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Available Spare Threshold: 10%
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Self-test execution status: ( 23) The self-test routine was aborted by
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Percentage Used: 0%
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the host.
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Data Units Read: 122 540 [62,7 GB]
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Total time to complete Offline
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Data Units Written: 1 927 650 [986 GB]
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data collection: ( 1) seconds.
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Host Read Commands: 1 767 402
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Offline data collection
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Host Write Commands: 31 997 703
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capabilities: (0x75) SMART execute Offline immediate.
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Controller Busy Time: 47
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No Auto Offline data collection support.
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Power Cycles: 371
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Abort Offline collection upon new
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Power On Hours: 748
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command.
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Unsafe Shutdowns: 53
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No Offline surface scan supported.
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Media and Data Integrity Errors: 0
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Self-test supported.
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Error Information Log Entries: 120
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Conveyance Self-test supported.
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Warning Comp. Temperature Time: 0
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Selective Self-test supported.
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Critical Comp. Temperature Time: 0
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SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
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Temperature Sensor 1: 32 Celsius
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power-saving mode.
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Temperature Sensor 2: 34 Celsius
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Supports SMART auto save timer.
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Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
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General Purpose Logging supported.
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Short self-test routine
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recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
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Extended self-test routine
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recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
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Conveyance self-test routine
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recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
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SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
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SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
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SCT Feature Control supported.
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SCT Data Table supported.
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Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, max 64 entries)
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SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 5
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Num ErrCount SQId CmdId Status PELoc LBA NSID VS
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Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
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0 120 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
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ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
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1 119 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
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3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0020 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
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[...]
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4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
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5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
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9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 49872
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12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
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170 Unknown_Attribute 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
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171 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
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172 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
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183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
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184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 090 Old_age Always - 0
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187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
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192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 13
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199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 5
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225 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 575610
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226 Load-in_Time 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 18829
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227 Torq-amp_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
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228 Power-off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2992332
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232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
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233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032 082 082 000 Old_age Always - 0
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241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 575610
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242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 581199
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SMART Error Log Version: 1
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No Errors Logged
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SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
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Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
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# 1 Short captive Completed without error 10% 49872 -
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# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 49872 -
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# 3 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 00% 49872 -
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# 4 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 14 -
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# 5 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
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# 6 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
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# 7 Vendor (0x58) Completed without error 10% 4 -
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Note: selective self-test log revision number (0) not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
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SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0
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Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
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SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
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1 0 0 Not_testing
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2 0 0 Not_testing
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3 0 0 Not_testing
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4 0 0 Not_testing
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5 0 0 Not_testing
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Selective self-test flags (0x0):
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After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
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If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
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~~~
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~~~
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### RAID matériel
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Si votre disque n'est pas un disque physique mais un volume d'un RAID matériel, il faut préciser le type et le numéro du disque physique voulu :
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Si votre disque n'est pas un disque physique mais un volume d'un RAID matériel, il faut préciser le type et le numéro du disque physique voulu :
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~~~
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~~~
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@ -185,8 +285,6 @@ Dans certains cas, le contrôleur RAID dispose d'une possibilité de voir le dis
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# modprobe sg
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# modprobe sg
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# smartctl -i /dev/sg0
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# smartctl -i /dev/sg0
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smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-92-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
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=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
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Model Family: Toshiba 3.5" MG03ACAxxx(Y) Enterprise HDD
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Model Family: Toshiba 3.5" MG03ACAxxx(Y) Enterprise HDD
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@ -207,13 +305,89 @@ SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
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SMART support is: Enabled
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SMART support is: Enabled
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~~~
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~~~
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### Tester un disque
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On peut lancer un test rapide d'un disque :
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~~~
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# smartctl -t short /dev/sda
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=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
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Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
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Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
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Testing has begun.
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Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
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Test will complete after Thu Dec 7 02:51:10 2017
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~~~
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On peut visualiser les résultats du test avec :
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~~~
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# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
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=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
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SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
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Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
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# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 49872 -
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# 2 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 00% 49872 -
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# 3 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 14 -
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# 4 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
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# 5 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
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# 6 Vendor (0x58) Completed without error 10% 4 -
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~~~
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On peut aussi lancer un test long :
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~~~
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# smartctl -t long /dev/sda
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~~~
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Si l'on veut interrompre le test en cours :
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~~~
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# smartctl -X /dev/sda
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=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
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Sending command: "Abort SMART off-line mode self-test routine".
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Self-testing aborted!
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~~~
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## smartd
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On active **smartd** en listant les périphériques concernés via `/etc/default/smartmontools` :
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~~~
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enable_smart="/dev/sda /dev/sdb"
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start_smartd=yes
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smartd_opts="--interval=1800"
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~~~
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Puis on peut personnaliser l'adresse email de réception des alertes via `/etc/smartd.conf` :
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~~~
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DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m monitoring@example.com -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner
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~~~
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## FAQ
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## FAQ
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Voir <https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/FAQ>
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Voir <https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/FAQ>
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smartctl -s on /dev/hda %activer
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### Device does not support SMART
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smartctl -a /dev/hda %infos
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smartctl -t long /dev/hda
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Certains disques ne supportent pas SMART. Exemple :
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smartctl -l error /dev/hda
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gg
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~~~
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda
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Device: ATA Maxtor 7Y250M0 Version: YAR5
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Serial number: XXXXXX
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Device type: disk
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Local Time is: Thu Dec 7 01:59:43 2017 CET
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Device does not support SMART
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Error Counter logging not supported
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[GLTSD (Global Logging Target Save Disable) set. Enable Save with '-S on']
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Device does not support Self Test logging
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~~~
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