WIP/Amorce Howto systemd-networkd
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HowtoSystemdNetworkd.md
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HowtoSystemdNetworkd.md
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categories: system sysadmin systemd
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title: Howto systemd-networkd
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...
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* Manpages : <https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/systemd/systemd-networkd.8.en.html>
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`systemd-networkd` est un composant de [systemd](/HowtoSystemd.md) dédié à la configuration du réseau.
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## Installation
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Aucune action nécessaire, `systemd-networkd` (et les outils en cli comme `networkctl`) sont présent dans le packet systemd, déjà présent par défaut sur Debian.
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```
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# networkctl --version
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systemd 252 (252.12-1~deb12u1)
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+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +APPARMOR +IMA +SMACK +SECCOMP +GCRYPT -GNUTLS +OPENSSL +ACL +BLKID +CURL +ELFUTILS +FIDO2 +IDN2 -IDN +IPTC +KMOD +LIBCRYPTSETUP +LIBFDISK +PCRE2 -PWQUALITY +P11KIT +QRENCODE +TPM2 +BZIP2 +LZ4 +XZ +ZLIB +ZSTD -BPF_FRAMEWORK -XKBCOMMON +UTMP +SYSVINIT default-hierarchy=unified
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# networkctl
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WARNING: systemd-networkd is not running, output will be incomplete.
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IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP
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1 lo loopback - unmanaged
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2 enp0s31f6 ether - unmanaged
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3 wwan0 wwan - unmanaged
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4 wlp4s0 wlan - unmanaged
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4 links listed.
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```
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## Configuration
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Il existe un fichier de configuration pour des options "globales" (`/etc/systemd/networkd.conf`), mais la configuration des réseaux et des liens se fait dans des fichiers dans `/etc/systemd/network/`.
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Il existe trois types de configuration :
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* Fichiers en `*.network` > Configuration de réseaux <https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/systemd/systemd.network.5.en.html>
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* Fichiers en `* .netdev` > Configuration d'interfaces virtuelles (bridge, bond, ...) <https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/systemd/systemd.netdev.5.en.html>
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* Fichiers en `*.link` > Confiuration d'une interface à sa connexion (par udev) - En général, on n'en a pas besoin <https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/udev/systemd.link.5.en.html>
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### Exemple : IP Statique
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Exemple de configuration. Une IP (v4 et v6) statique pour une interface réseau donnée, identifiée par son addresse MAC :
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```
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# cat /etc/systemd/network/wan.network
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[Match]
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MACAddress=52:54:00:00:00:00
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[Network]
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DHCP=no
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Address=192.0.2.33/24
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Gateway=192.0.2.254
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Address=2001:db8::33/48
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Gateway=2001:db8::ffff
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```
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Résultat
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```
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# neworkctl
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# networkctl
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IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP
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1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged
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2 ens3 ether routable configured
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2 links listed.
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# networkctl status
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● State: routable
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Online state: online
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Address: 192.0.2.33 on ens3
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2001:db8::33 on ens3
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fe80::5054:ff:3615:3615 on ens3
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Gateway: 192.0.2.254 on ens3
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2001:db8::ffff on ens3
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: lo: Link UP
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: lo: Gained carrier
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: Enumeration completed
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Configuring with /etc/systemd/network/wan.network.
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd[1]: Started systemd-networkd.service - Network Configuration.
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Link UP
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Aug 03 14:42:32 hostname systemd[1]: Starting systemd-networkd-wait-online.service - Wait for Network to be Configured...
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Aug 03 14:42:33 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Gained carrier
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Aug 03 14:42:34 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Gained IPv6LL
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Aug 03 14:42:46 hostname systemd[1]: Finished systemd-networkd-wait-online.service - Wait for Network to be Configured.
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# networkctl status ens3
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● 2: ens3
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Link File: /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
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Network File: /etc/systemd/network/wan.network
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State: routable (configured)
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Online state: online
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Type: ether
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Path: pci-0000:00:03.0
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Driver: virtio_net
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Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
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Model: Virtio network device
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Alternative Names: enp0s3
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Hardware Address: 52:54:00:00:00:00
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MTU: 1500 (min: 68, max: 65535)
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QDisc: fq_codel
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IPv6 Address Generation Mode: eui64
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Number of Queues (Tx/Rx): 1/1
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Auto negotiation: no
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Address: 192.0.2.33
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2001:db8::33
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fe80::5054:ff:3615:3615
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Gateway: 192.0.2.254
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2001:db8::ffff
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Activation Policy: up
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Required For Online: yes
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Aug 03 14:41:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Configuring with /etc/systemd/network/wan.network.
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Aug 03 14:41:32 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Link UP
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Aug 03 14:41:33 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Gained carrier
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Aug 03 14:41:34 hostname systemd-networkd[304]: ens3: Gained IPv6LL
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```
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## Administration
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## Plomberie
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## FAQ
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