202 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
202 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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categories: openbsd network
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title: Howto Gestion des disques sous OpenBSD
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---
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La gestion des disques sous OpenBSD est parfois déroutante, surtout si
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l'on vient du monde GNU/Linux. Pour une introduction, lire la [FAQ](https://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq14.html#intro)
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## Ajout d'un disque
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### Disque formaté pour OpenBSD (FFS)
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Si l'on ajoute un nouveau disque sur un système OpenBSD, voici les différentes étapes pour l'initialiser (outre l'installation matérielle ;-).
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Prenons l'exemple avec disque `sd1` ajouté. Il faut d'abord initialiser sa table des partitions :
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~~~
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# fdisk -i sd1
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Do you wish to write new MBR and partition table? [n] y
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Writing MBR at offset 0.
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# fdisk sd1
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Disk: sd1 geometry: 60734/255/63 [975699968 Sectors]
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Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55
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Starting Ending LBA Info:
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#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused
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1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused
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2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused
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*3: A6 0 1 1 - 60733 254 63 [ 63: 975691647 ] OpenBSD
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~~~
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On gère ensuite la partie *disklabel* :
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~~~
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# disklabel -E sd1
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# Inside MBR partition 3: type A6 start 63 size 975691647
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Treating sectors 63-975691710 as the OpenBSD portion of the disk.
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You can use the 'b' command to change this.
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Initial label editor (enter '?' for help at any prompt)
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> a
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partition: [a]
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offset: [63]
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size: [975691647]
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FS type: [4.2BSD]
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> p
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OpenBSD area: 63-975691710; size: 975691647; free: 0
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# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]
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a: 975691647 63 4.2BSD 2048 16384 1
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c: 975699968 0 unused
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> q
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Write new label?: [y]
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~~~
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On peut enfin créer le système de fichiers et le monter :
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~~~
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# newfs sd1a
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newfs: reduced number of fragments per cylinder group from 103664 to 103656 to enlarge last cylinder group
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/dev/rsd1a: 476411.9MB in 975691644 sectors of 512 bytes
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2354 cylinder groups of 202.45MB, 12957 blocks, 25984 inodes each
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super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
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32, 414656, 829280, 1243904, ......
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# mount /dev/sd1a /mnt/
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~~~
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### Disque en FAT32
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Afin qu'il soit lisible par d'autres systèmes (par exemple un disque USB pour des sauvegardes), voici les différentes étapes pour
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initialiser un disques en FAT32. Prenons l'exemple avec disque `sd1` ajouté. Il faut d'abord initialiser sa table des partitions :
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~~~
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# fdisk -i sd1
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-----------------------------------------------------
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------ ATTENTION - UPDATING MASTER BOOT RECORD ------
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-----------------------------------------------------
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Do you wish to write new MBR and partition table? [n] y
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~~~
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On indique ensuite que la partition est de type FAT32 :
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~~~
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# fdisk -e sd1
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Enter 'help' for information
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fdisk: 1> p
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Disk: sd1 geometry: 60801/255/63 [976773168 Sectors]
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Offset: 0 Signature: 0xAA55
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Starting Ending LBA Info:
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#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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0: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused
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1: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused
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2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0: 0 ] unused
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*3: A6 0 1 1 - 60800 254 63 [ 63: 976768002 ] OpenBSD
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fdisk: 1> e 3
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Starting Ending LBA Info:
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#: id C H S - C H S [ start: size ]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*3: A6 0 1 1 - 60800 254 63 [ 63: 976768002 ] OpenBSD
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [A6] (? for help) ?
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Choose from the following Partition id values:
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00 unused 20 Willowsoft 67 Novell AB MacOS X boot
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01 DOS FAT-12 24 NEC DOS 68 Novell AF MacOS X HFS+
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02 XENIX / 38 Theos 69 Novell B7 BSDI filesy*
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03 XENIX /usr 39 Plan 9 70 DiskSecure B8 BSDI swap
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04 DOS FAT-16 40 VENIX 286 75 PCIX BF Solaris
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05 Extended DOS 41 Lin/Minux DR 80 Minix (old) C0 CTOS
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06 DOS > 32MB 42 LinuxSwap DR 81 Minix (new) C1 DRDOSs FAT12
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07 HPFS/QNX/AUX 43 Linux DR 82 Linux swap C4 DRDOSs < 32M
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08 AIX fs 4D QNX 4.2 Pri 83 Linux files* C6 DRDOSs >=32M
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09 AIX/Coherent 4E QNX 4.2 Sec 84 OS/2 hidden C7 HPFS Disbled
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0A OS/2 Bootmgr 4F QNX 4.2 Ter 85 Linux ext. DB CPM/C.DOS/C*
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0B Win95 FAT-32 50 DM 86 NT FAT VS DE Dell Maint
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0C Win95 FAT32L 51 DM 87 NTFS VS E1 SpeedStor
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0E DOS FAT-16 52 CP/M or SysV 8E Linux LVM E3 SpeedStor
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0F Extended LBA 53 DM 93 Amoeba FS E4 SpeedStor
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10 OPUS 54 Ontrack 94 Amoeba BBT EB BeOS/i386
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11 OS/2 hidden 55 EZ-Drive 99 Mylex EE EFI GPT
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12 Compaq Diag. 56 Golden Bow 9F BSDI EF EFI Sys
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14 OS/2 hidden 5C Priam A0 NotebookSave F1 SpeedStor
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16 OS/2 hidden 61 SpeedStor A5 FreeBSD F2 DOS 3.3+ Sec
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17 OS/2 hidden 63 ISC, HURD, * A6 OpenBSD F4 SpeedStor
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18 AST swap 64 NetWare 2.xx A7 NEXTSTEP FF Xenix BBT
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19 Willowtech 65 NetWare 3.xx A8 MacOS X
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1C ThinkPad Rec 66 NetWare 386 A9 NetBSD
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [A6] (? for help) 0B
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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offset: [63]
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size: [976768002]
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fdisk:*1> w
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Writing MBR at offset 0.
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fdisk: 1> q
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~~~
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La partition est ainsi accessible en `sd1i` comme l'indique disklabel :
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~~~
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# disklabel sd1
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disklabel: warning, DOS partition table with no valid OpenBSD partition
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# /dev/rsd1c:
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type: SCSI
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disk: SCSI disk
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label: HM500JI
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flags:
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bytes/sector: 512
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sectors/track: 63
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tracks/cylinder: 255
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sectors/cylinder: 16065
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cylinders: 60801
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total sectors: 976773168
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rpm: 3600
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interleave: 1
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trackskew: 0
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cylinderskew: 0
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headswitch: 0 # microseconds
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track-to-track seek: 0 # microseconds
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drivedata: 0
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16 partitions:
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# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg]
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c: 976773168 0 unused 0 0
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i: 976768002 63 MSDOS
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~~~
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Enfin, on la formate ensuite en FAT32 :
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~~~
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# newfs_msdos sd1i
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/dev/rsd1i: 974863936 sectors in 121857992 FAT32 clusters (4096 bytes/cluster)
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bps=512 spc=8 res=32 nft=2 mid=0xf8 spt=63 hds=255 hid=63 bsec=976768002 bspf=952016 rdcl=2 infs=1 bkbs=2
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~~~
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## Monter une partition FFS sous Linux
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~~~
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# mount -t ufs -o ufstype=44bsd -o ro /dev/sdb4 usb/
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~~~
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Pour le support en RW, c'est encore expérimental d'après le message :
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~~~
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kernel: [1816288.453987] ufs was compiled with read-only support, can't be mounted as read-write
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~~~
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## Créer un swap sur un fichier image
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Exemple avec une swap de 1Go.
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~~~
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# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swap bs=1k count=1048576
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# chmod 600 /var/swap
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# swapctl -a /var/swap
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## Verifier
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# swapctl -l
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# echo "/var/swap /var/swap swap sw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
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~~~
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