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---
categories: hardware storage
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title: Howto SMART
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...
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Documentation : < https: / / www . smartmontools . org / wiki / TocDoc >
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[SMART ](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology ) (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) est intégrée à la plupart des disques durs pour avoir des indicateurs de diagnostic. Sous Linux/Unix, [Smartmontools ](https://www.smartmontools.org/ ) est l'outil pour exploiter la technologie SMART, notamment avec la commande `smartctl` et le démon `smartd` .
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## Installation
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~~~
# apt install smartmontools
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$ /usr/sbin/smartctl -V
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-4-amd64] (local build)
[...]
smartmontools release 6.6 dated 2016-05-07 at 11:17:46 UTC
smartmontools SVN rev 4324 dated 2016-05-31 at 20:45:50
smartmontools build host: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
smartmontools build with: C++98, GCC 5.4.0 20160609
[...]
# systemctl status smartd
● smartd.service - Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (SMART) Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/smartd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Docs: man:smartd(8)
man:smartd.conf(5)
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~~~
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## Utilisation basique
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Quelques exemples de commande de base :
~~~
# smartctl --scan
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda | egrep 'Serial|Error'
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# smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Power_On_Hours
# smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Power_Cycle_Count
# smartctl -a /dev/sda -d megaraid,0
# smartctl -i /dev/sg0
~~~
## smartctl
On peut s'assurer que toutes les fonctionnalités SMART sont activées sur un disque via :
~~~
# smartctl -s on -o on -S on /dev/sda
~~~
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### Lister les disques
Sur une machine avec un seul disque :
~~~
# smartctl --scan
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device
~~~
Sur une machine avec du RAID hardware :
~~~
# smartctl --scan
/dev/hdd -d ata # /dev/hdd, ATA device
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device
/dev/sdb -d scsi # /dev/sdb, SCSI device
/dev/sdc -d scsi # /dev/sdc, SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,0 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_00], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,1 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_01], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,2 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_02], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,3 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_03], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,4 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_04], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,5 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_05], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,6 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_06], SCSI device
~~~
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### Voir les informations d'un disque
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L'option `-i` permet d'afficher les informations sur un disque :
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~~~
# smartctl -i /dev/sda
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Laptop Thin HDD
Device Model: ST500LM021-1KJ152
Serial Number: XXXXXXXX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 09cbac333
Firmware Version: 0005SDM1
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Nov 28 16:19:49 2017 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
~~~
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L'option `-l error` permet d'afficher les éventuelles erreurs d'un disque :
~~~
# smartctl -l error /dev/sda
=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, max 64 entries)
Num ErrCount SQId CmdId Status PELoc LBA NSID VS
0 120 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
1 119 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
2 118 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
3 117 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
4 116 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
5 115 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
6 114 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
7 113 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
8 112 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
9 111 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
10 110 0 0x0008 0x4004 - 0 0 -
11 109 0 0x0008 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
12 108 0 0x0008 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
13 107 0 0x0018 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
14 106 0 0x0017 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
15 105 0 0x0008 0x4004 0x02c 0 0 -
... (48 entries not shown)
~~~
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L'option `-a` permet d'afficher toutes les informations SMART :
~~~
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: SAMSUNG MZVLW256HEHP-000L7
Serial Number: XXXXXXXX
Firmware Version: 4L7QCXB7
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x144d
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x002538
Total NVM Capacity: 256 060 514 304 [256 GB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity: 0
Controller ID: 2
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 256 060 514 304 [256 GB]
Namespace 1 Utilization: 208 604 237 824 [208 GB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Local Time is: Mon Dec 4 00:16:33 2017 CET
Firmware Updates (0x16): 3 Slots, no Reset required
Optional Admin Commands (0x0017): Security Format Frmw_DL *Other*
Optional NVM Commands (0x001f): Comp Wr_Unc DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat
Warning Comp. Temp. Threshold: 69 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold: 72 Celsius
Supported Power States
St Op Max Active Idle RL RT WL WT Ent_Lat Ex_Lat
0 + 7.60W - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 + 6.00W - - 1 1 1 1 0 0
2 + 5.10W - - 2 2 2 2 0 0
3 - 0.0400W - - 3 3 3 3 210 1500
4 - 0.0050W - - 4 4 4 4 2200 6000
Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt Data Metadt Rel_Perf
0 + 512 0 0
=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
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General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 23) The self-test routine was aborted by
the host.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 1) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x75) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Abort Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 5
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0020 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 49872
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
170 Unknown_Attribute 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
171 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
172 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 090 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 13
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 5
225 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 575610
226 Load-in_Time 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 18829
227 Torq-amp_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
228 Power-off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2992332
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032 082 082 000 Old_age Always - 0
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 575610
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 581199
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short captive Completed without error 10% 49872 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 49872 -
# 3 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 00% 49872 -
# 4 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 14 -
# 5 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
# 6 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
# 7 Vendor (0x58) Completed without error 10% 4 -
Note: selective self-test log revision number (0) not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0
Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
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~~~
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Pour mieux comprendre et analyser les rapports complets de `smartctl` vous pouvez lire [cet article ](https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6983?page=0%2C1 ) de l'auteur du logiciel.
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Si votre disque n'est pas un disque physique mais un volume d'un RAID matériel, il faut préciser le type et le numéro du disque physique voulu :
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~~~
# smartctl -i /dev/sda -d megaraid,0
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SSDSC2BB480G7R
Serial Number: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 5cd2e4 14d52d0aa
Add. Product Id: DELL(tm)
Firmware Version: N201DL41
User Capacity: 480,103,981,056 bytes [480 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Nov 28 16:27:57 2017 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
~~~
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Dans certains cas, le contrôleur RAID dispose d'une possibilité de voir le disque au travers d'un module SCSI générique.
~~~
# modprobe sg
# smartctl -i /dev/sg0
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 3.5" MG03ACAxxx(Y) Enterprise HDD
Device Model: TOSHIBA MG03ACA100
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Serial Number: XXXXX
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LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 4eb981078
Add. Product Id: DELL(tm)
Firmware Version: FL1D
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Dec 1 11:57:19 2017 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
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~~~
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### Détection de défaillance d’
Pour savoir si le disque risque de défaillir, il faut regarder la ligne `SMART overall-health self-assessment test result` , si le résultat est `FAILED` il faut remplacer le disque au plus vite.
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`smartctl(8)` peut être appelé avec l’ `-H` (au lieu de `-a` ) pour n’ `-q errorsonly` pour ne montrer que les erreurs associées). L’ ’
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~~~
# smartctl -Hq errorsonly /dev/sdb
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!
Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.
Failed Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 001 001 016 Pre-fail Always FAILING_NOW 4294967295
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 001 001 005 Pre-fail Always FAILING_NOW 1179
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# echo $?
24
# smartctl -Hq errorsonly /dev/sda
# echo $?
0
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~~~
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### Tester un disque
On peut lancer un test rapide d'un disque :
~~~
# smartctl -t short /dev/sda
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Thu Dec 7 02:51:10 2017
~~~
On peut visualiser les résultats du test avec :
~~~
# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 49872 -
# 2 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 00% 49872 -
# 3 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 14 -
# 4 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
# 5 Reserved (0x20) Completed without error 10% 4 -
# 6 Vendor (0x58) Completed without error 10% 4 -
~~~
On peut aussi lancer un test long :
~~~
# smartctl -t long /dev/sda
~~~
Si l'on veut interrompre le test en cours :
~~~
# smartctl -X /dev/sda
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Abort SMART off-line mode self-test routine".
Self-testing aborted!
~~~
## smartd
On active **smartd** en listant les périphériques concernés via `/etc/default/smartmontools` :
~~~
enable_smart="/dev/sda /dev/sdb"
start_smartd=yes
smartd_opts="--interval=1800"
~~~
Puis on peut personnaliser l'adresse email de réception des alertes via `/etc/smartd.conf` :
~~~
DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m monitoring@example.com -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner
~~~
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### Ignorer un disque
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Pour faire ignorer un disque à smartd il faut rajouter dans `/etc/smartd.conf` avant la directive `DEVICESCAN` une ligne commençant avec le périphérique, suivi par des options pouvant spécifier encore plus quel périphérique on souhaite désactiver et se terminant par `-d ignore
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`. Par exemple :
```
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,1 -d ignore
```
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Ici on désactive le second disque connecté au contrôleur RAID /dev/bus/0.
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### Ignorer certains attributs
Certaines erreurs ne sont pas corrigibles (au moins à chaud) comme Offline_Uncorrectable (198) ou Current_Pending_Sector (197). Si ces erreurs sont anciennes, que les tests sont corrects et qu’ ’ **possible** de n’ ’ ’ `-U 198+` et `-C 197+` .
```
DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner -C 197+ -U 198+
```
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## FAQ
Voir < https: / / www . smartmontools . org / wiki / FAQ >
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### Device does not support SMART
Certains disques ne supportent pas SMART. Exemple :
~~~
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
Device: ATA Maxtor 7Y250M0 Version: YAR5
Serial number: XXXXXX
Device type: disk
Local Time is: Thu Dec 7 01:59:43 2017 CET
Device does not support SMART
Error Counter logging not supported
[GLTSD (Global Logging Target Save Disable) set. Enable Save with '-S on']
Device does not support Self Test logging
~~~
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### Service smartd failed, DEVICESCAN failed
Quand le démon smartd ne trouve pas de disques à monitorer, il entre dans l'état failed.
Cela peut se produire s'il n'y a que des disques NVMe sur la machine (voir ci-dessous).
### Support NVMe
Les disques NVMe ne sont pas surveillés par défaut, il faut ajouter l'option `-d nvme` à la commande `DEVICESCAN` de son fichier de configuration `/etc/smartd.conf` .
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Cette fonctionnalité est expérimentale pour les Debian antérieures à Bullseye.
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~~~ { .diff }
diff --git a/smartd.conf b/smartd.conf
index 4cdede7..81619c9 100644
--- a/smartd.conf
+++ b/smartd.conf
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
# Directives listed below, which will be applied to all devices that
# are found. Most users should comment out DEVICESCAN and explicitly
# list the devices that they wish to monitor.
-DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner
+DEVICESCAN -d removable -d nvme -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner
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~~~
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### Unknown_Attribute
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Si la sortie de `smartctl` contient des références à des `Unknown_Attribute` , ça ne signifie pas que ces attributs sont à ignorer ou qu'ils sont moins important que les autres. La présence d'attribut inconnus indique juste que ce modèle de disque n'est pas présent dans la base donnée du smartmontools installé. Si besoin, la dernière version de cette base de donnée se trouve dans le fichier [smartmontools/drivedb.h ](https://github.com/smartmontools/smartmontools/blob/master/smartmontools/drivedb.h ) du dépôt Git du projet.
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Il peut être placé en `/etc/smart_drivedb.h` pour être utilisé automatiquement, sinon `smartctl(8)` peut être appelé avec l’ `-B <chemin/vers>/drivedb.h` . Par exemple ça peut être effectué avec la commande suivante :
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~~~
curl -o /etc/smart_drivedb.h https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smartmontools/smartmontools/master/smartmontools/drivedb.h
~~~
Plus simplement, à partir de Debian Buster (dans les backports), `update-smart-drivedb(8)` met à jour `/var/lib/smartmontools/drivedb/drivedb.h` si l’
